☀️ Solar Panel Tilt & Row Spacing
The best fixed tilt angle depends on your latitude and whether you optimize for the whole year, winter or summer.
Typical module width 1.1–1.15 m. Row spacing assumes true south-facing rows (northern hemisphere) at winter-solstice noon sun.
Recommended setup
Rules used
Annual optimal tilt ≈ 0.9·lat + 3°. Winter ≈ lat + 15°, summer ≈ lat − 15° (never below 5° so rain washes the glass).
Row spacing: shadow length = tilted height / tan(winter noon sun elevation = 90° − lat − 23.5°).
Trackers and steep roofs change everything — treat this as a starting point.
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